unhappy是否定詞(un表否定的單詞)
今日四級(jí)筆試剛剛結(jié)束,瞬間登上熱搜!
不少考生表示,這次考試讓“改革開(kāi)放”和“低糖低脂”難住了!不知各位U粉有沒(méi)有成功hold???
展開(kāi)全文
看了上面的吐槽
你知道網(wǎng)友們口中的
“改革開(kāi)放”和“低糖低脂”
到底如何用英文表達(dá)嗎?
點(diǎn)擊空白處查看參考答案
▼
改革開(kāi)放:reform and opening up
低糖低脂:low fat and sugar
你翻對(duì)了嗎??看完今年的翻譯,我們?cè)賮?lái)感受下近幾年四、六級(jí)真題中的神翻譯吧!
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
The Chinese government has been boosting compulsory education so that every child is entitled to education.
【解析】
“大力推行”可翻譯為vigorously promote,也可只用一個(gè)語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)的詞“boost”,就不必添加副詞vigorously(萬(wàn)一拼錯(cuò),就出力不討好了)。
“享有受教育機(jī)會(huì)”,很多考生會(huì)想到have the opportunity/chance to receive education,其實(shí)還有個(gè)更好的表達(dá):every child has access to education,詞組have access to意即“有機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)利”;如改用形容詞accessible,前后稍加調(diào)整,也同樣出彩: ...education is accessible to every child。參考譯文中的entitle(有權(quán)/有資格享有),就另辟蹊徑,舍去人人愛(ài)用的opportunity,有效提升譯文質(zhì)量。
“義務(wù)教育”的英文,除了題目中給的“compulsory education”,還可譯成obligatory education或compulsory schooling。因?yàn)殛P(guān)鍵詞“義務(wù)教育”在文中多次出現(xiàn),翻譯時(shí)為避免單調(diào)重復(fù),不妨靈活替換。
就整句話而言,除了參考譯文中的…so that…結(jié)構(gòu),也可用不定式“to”引出后半句:…to ensure that all children have the opportunity to receive education.
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
Since the Law of Compulsory Education took effect in 1986, after relentless efforts, China has attained the goal of compulsory education throughout/across the country.
【解析】
通讀整句話,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原文缺少主語(yǔ)。無(wú)主句,在漢語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn):李白不寫(xiě)明誰(shuí)的“床前明月光”;杜甫不交代是誰(shuí)“一覽眾山小”;蘇軾不明示何人“把酒問(wèn)青天”。讀者能從語(yǔ)境中心領(lǐng)神會(huì),而譯者在翻譯時(shí),需補(bǔ)上主語(yǔ):China/the governmenthas fulfilled the objective/target of…,是國(guó)家或政府實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)。當(dāng)然,也可將計(jì)就計(jì),采用英文被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),就不必糾結(jié)主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)了:the goal of compulsory schooling in the whole country has been achieved/realized.
“法律生效了”,譯法很多:The law has taken effect. The law has come into effect/force. The law has been enacted. The law has been put into effect.
“不懈努力”,令考生“不懈”地糾結(jié)良久:高大上的relentless與unremitting,不會(huì)拼寫(xiě);婦孺皆知的never give up,又感覺(jué)太過(guò)平平無(wú)奇。那么,就選用constant / continuous / persistent吧。如果這三個(gè)詞也不會(huì)寫(xiě),閱卷老師就“不屑”給你分兒了。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
With the improvement of living standards, more people begin to follow the trend of self-driving travel.
【解析】
一看到“水平”,很多考生就想到“l(fā)evel”,順手把“生活水平”譯成life level,不小心暴露了英語(yǔ)水平??。其實(shí)英文中有多個(gè)詞與“水平”對(duì)應(yīng),如:游泳水平swimming skill,英語(yǔ)水平English proficiency,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平art of leadership。這里的“生活水平”,除了living standard,也可譯為quality of life或living quality。“隨著”的標(biāo)配似乎是with,其實(shí)用thanks to、owing to與due to也挺好。
“自駕游”可譯為self-driving travel/tour,更地道的表達(dá)是road trip?!凹尤肽承辛小保⑽闹杏袀€(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞組join the ranks,不過(guò)很多考生未必熟悉。那就換個(gè)角度,“加入某行列”算是效仿、跟風(fēng)或追時(shí)尚,故可譯為follow the trend、be after the fashion等短語(yǔ)。
整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可大膽調(diào)整,把前面的“生活水平的提高”用作主語(yǔ),即前者使后者成為可能:The improvement of living quality enables more people to join the ranks of self-driving tour.(生活水平的提高,使更多人加入自駕游行列。)
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
It is often said that a good start in spring determines what you achieve in the year. Farmers begin to plant/sow seeds at this time to lay the foundationfor a year of plenty.
【解析】
漢語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)“人們/大家/你我他”引導(dǎo)的人稱主語(yǔ)句,而英文句式的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)是——非人稱主語(yǔ)句,如:Itsuddenly occurred to him(他突然想到);A good ideastruck me(我想到一個(gè)好主意);2021witnessed the passing away of Yuan Longping(袁隆平于2021年去世)…… 所以,“人們常說(shuō)”往往譯為Itis often said。當(dāng)然,譯成People often say也正確。
“一年之計(jì)在于春”暗示了在春天早做計(jì)劃、做準(zhǔn)備,對(duì)一年成功或豐收的重要性,即凡事預(yù)則立。該諺語(yǔ)可譯成:A year's plan starts with spring./A spring day feeds the whole year./The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring./The work for the year is best begun in spring.
“打下基礎(chǔ)”的表達(dá)也有多種,如set the foundation、establish the basis、set the stage等?!叭甑呢S收”對(duì)應(yīng)的英文有a year of abundance、a good harvest in the year、a(n) abundant/bumper/plentiful harvest this year等等。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
Long long ago, a farmer, who was dissatisfied with the slow growth of the seedlingshe had planted, went to the field to pull them up a bit one by one.
【解析】
原文有三個(gè)連續(xù)動(dòng)作——“嫌……長(zhǎng)得慢”“到地里”“拔高”,卻沒(méi)有使用連接詞。英語(yǔ)與中文習(xí)慣不同,常用連接詞和主從結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示多個(gè)動(dòng)作。參考譯文使用了who引導(dǎo)的從句,避免了過(guò)多的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
“從前有個(gè)農(nóng)夫......”,可仿童話故事的常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭:“Long long ago, there was a farmer who…”?!皬那啊钡淖g法還有:in the long past、a long long time ago、once upon a time(電影版《三生三世十里桃花》的英文名字就是Once Upon a Time)。“嫌……”表不滿意或失望,可選用的同義詞有dissatisfied、displeased、disappointed、unhappy等;如果對(duì)否定前綴dis-與un-把握不好,就用小學(xué)生也認(rèn)識(shí)的not吧,譯成was not content/satisfied with。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
Today some parents are soeager to see their children succeed thatthey follow the footsteps of that farmer, only to make their children suffer untoldpains withoutseeing their children’s progress in academic studies.
【解析】
原漢語(yǔ)包含四個(gè)短句,英譯文合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,充分體現(xiàn)了“中文化整為零、英文化零為整”的特點(diǎn)。譯文中標(biāo)下劃線的幾個(gè)銜接詞,一氣呵成,把漢語(yǔ)短句間隱含的邏輯關(guān)系凸顯出來(lái)?!凹议L(zhǎng)急于讓孩子成功”,為表現(xiàn)出“急切”,也可譯為parents can’t wait to see their kids’ success?!巴侥莻€(gè)農(nóng)夫的后塵”還可譯為they will do like what the farmer did、they tend to follow the farmer’s foolish example、they are likely to repeat the tragedy/mistake of the farmer?!案愕煤⒆涌嗖豢把浴币部勺g為make their kids’ lives miserable/painful。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
The story tells us that timely remedy of a problemcan avoid/prevent further losses (, and it's never too late to mend).
【解析】
英譯古代寓言故事,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般選用過(guò)去時(shí),但“故事告訴我們”所揭示的是客觀事實(shí)、日常道理,所以改用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)tells。參考譯文最后括號(hào)里面的it's never too late to mend屬于增譯,使寓意(moral)更清楚,語(yǔ)言更老到,并非蛇足之筆。當(dāng)然,略去亦可。“故事告訴我們”譯成The moral of the story is that…,更符合英文表述習(xí)慣?!凹皶r(shí)補(bǔ)救”譯成correcting/solving a problem in time也可以。再換個(gè)角度,整個(gè)寓意處理成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),使道理更顯客觀:…further losses can be avoided/prevented if a problem is corrected/solved in time。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
Karez represents the Chinese people's wisdom of living in harmonywith nature,and it is a major contribution to the human civilization.
【解析】
英文句式沿用漢語(yǔ)的并列句?!绑w現(xiàn)”除了用represent,還可以從show、display、embody、demonstrate等詞中選擇。選自己有把握的,確保拼寫(xiě)正確,莫忘單數(shù)第三人稱詞尾加“s”?!芭c自然和諧共存的智慧”也可譯成:…wisdom of living harmoniously with nature、…wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature、 …wisdom that people and nature co-exist in harmony.
在譯“是對(duì)人類文明的一大貢獻(xiàn)”時(shí),如果不用并列句,而改成從句which is a great contribution to…,就可能給讀者帶來(lái)一定的理解困難,因?yàn)閣hich前面有Karez、wisdom與nature等多個(gè)名詞?!皩?duì)人類文明的一大貢獻(xiàn)”一句中,也可把“貢獻(xiàn)”處理成動(dòng)詞,即and contributes significantly to the human civilization。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
For more than 2000 years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, thus turning the Chengdu Plain into a fertile land that guarantees stable yields in spite of droughts and floods.
【解析】
譯文將原文的并列句處理成主從結(jié)構(gòu)——漢語(yǔ)多并列,英語(yǔ)多主從。如果詞匯量足夠大,“兩千年”可譯成two millenniums??吹健鞍l(fā)揮……作用”,我們自然會(huì)想到play the role of…,故可以譯成Dujiangyan has played an/the effective role of preventing flood and irrigating crops.
后半句的“旱澇保收的沃土”,可以理解成“土地肥沃,無(wú)論干旱還是洪澇都有好收成”,或“肥沃的土地不受干旱與洪澇的影響”,因此可譯為a fertile land that ensures a good harvest regardless of drought and flood、a fertile land free from drought and flood;a rich land (which is) immune to drought and flood等。如果不會(huì)寫(xiě)immune to,那就選用unaffected by;如果不會(huì)寫(xiě)unaffected,還可用free from……總有一款適合你。
向上滑動(dòng)查看答案與解析
【參考譯文】
1. Longjing is rich in Vitamin Cand some other healthy elements. Drinking Longjing regularly helps ease tiredness and delay aging.
2. As Longjing contains rich Vitamin Cand many other health-promoting elements, regular consumption of it contributes to relieving fatigue and delaying senility.
【解析】
譯文1用詞簡(jiǎn)單,句式直接沿用原文。譯文2將原文兩句合并成一句,因?yàn)閺恼Z(yǔ)義上看,“富含……元素”與“助于健康”關(guān)系較密切;漢語(yǔ)重意合,英語(yǔ)重形合,故前面加上as表原因,后面第二個(gè)“龍井”以it代替,避免重復(fù)。漢語(yǔ)中喜歡重復(fù),而英語(yǔ)中不喜歡,如培根《論讀書(shū)》(Of Studies)中的名句:Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 英文中只一個(gè)makes,而漢語(yǔ)譯文則需要補(bǔ)全三個(gè)“使”:讀書(shū)使人充實(shí),討論使人機(jī)智,筆記使人準(zhǔn)確(王佐良譯)。
“經(jīng)常喝龍井”還可翻譯為frequent/regular drinking,或if one drinks it regularly。翻譯“有助于”時(shí),如不屑于用help,可選用is conductive to或is beneficial to(注意這兩個(gè)to都是介詞,其后的動(dòng)詞莫忘加-ing)。“減輕”除了譯成ease與relieve,可選用的還有l(wèi)essen/lighten/allay/alleviate等詞。
“延緩衰老”的英文也不只delay aging/ageing與defer senility,還可譯為resist/retard aging或slow/postpone the aging process;如在護(hù)膚品包裝上見(jiàn)過(guò)anti-aging(抗衰老)一詞,可大膽借用,譯成has anti-aging function。仍對(duì)“延緩衰老”一籌莫展時(shí),不妨換個(gè)角度,譯成prolong/lengthen life——“延緩衰老”不就是延長(zhǎng)壽命嘛。正如生活中的標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ):“油漆未干”譯成Wet paint(濕油漆);“男士禁止入內(nèi)”譯成Women only(只女士可進(jìn)),ban/forbid/prohibit表“禁止”的詞都不必用,多省心省事。
吾生有涯而知無(wú)涯;考場(chǎng)時(shí)間有限,而譯途無(wú)限!希望考生:在有限的時(shí)間里,譯出無(wú)限精彩的文章。
今天的四級(jí)翻譯盤(pán)點(diǎn)就到這里啦,最后小U祝每位今天參加考試的U粉都能取得好成績(jī)!yyds——永遠(yuǎn)得勝??
此篇特別感謝濟(jì)南大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院程瑞勇副教授提供解析、上海海事大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院王大偉教授提供部分參考譯文。
特別推薦:王大偉、程瑞勇主編《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題全解+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)測(cè)》
【本期討論】
你今年參加四、六級(jí)考試的感受?
你還見(jiàn)過(guò)哪些令人捧腹的奇葩翻譯?
點(diǎn)亮星標(biāo),精彩內(nèi)容搶先看!還沒(méi)給小U點(diǎn)亮星標(biāo)的U粉們快點(diǎn)亮吧,每一顆小星星都會(huì)激勵(lì)未來(lái)小U和大家分享更有趣、實(shí)用的英文知識(shí)哦~
編輯:明陽(yáng)、淑媛
*配圖取自網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供學(xué)習(xí)分享使用,侵刪
@ 外研社Unipus
@外研社Unipus
Subscribe
@ 外研社Unipus
掃描二維碼推送至手機(jī)訪問(wèn)。
版權(quán)聲明:本文由飛速云SEO網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化推廣發(fā)布,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。